Background Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 are nutrients that coordinately orchestrate the synthesis of compounds needed for brain development and activity. For decades, researchers have documented associations between these vitamins and neurological outcomes such as depression. Moreover, the recent fortification of the US cereal grain supply with folate to reduce the risk of neural tube defects has reenergized scientific interest in this often debated relation. Using data collected in older adult residents living in neighborhoods located in Chicago’s south side, researchers at Rush University have been able to contribute additional information concerning the possibility that inadequate consumption of these vitamins may be related to depression in this at-risk population. Results of their study, as well as an editorial written by scientists at Bangor University (United Kingdom), have been published in the August 2010 issue of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Study Design This investigation entailed the study of 3,503 biracial adults (59% African American; mean age: 74 y) enrolled in the Chicago Health and Aging Project, an ongoing study initiated in 1993. At the beginning of the study and then every 3 y thereafter, information was collected concerning dietary intake (including nutrient supplements), symptoms of depression, sociodemographic variables, and overall health status. The researchers then statistically evaluated whether, after controlling for possible confounding factors, differences in vitamin intake were predictive of onset of depression over the course of the study.
Results The data indicated that individuals consuming the lowest amounts of vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 (but not folate) were also those most likely to be classified as depressed. Specifically, each additional 10 mg of vitamin B-6 or 10 µg of vitamin B-12 consumed was associated with a 2% decrease in risk of developing depression in a given year. Use of dietary supplements of vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 appeared to be especially important.
Conclusions The authors concluded that their results support the hypothesis that high intakes of vitamins B-6 and B-12 may protect against depression in older individuals. Of course, rigorously controlled intervention trials will need to be done to confirm this. In their accompanying piece, Seren Roberts and colleagues provide additional comments concerning the possibility that further fortification of flour may be beneficial to health, especially in this growing and at-risk population.
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A study led by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) chemist Richard Anderson suggests that a water soluble extract of cinnamon, which contains antioxidative compounds, could help reduce risk factors associated with diabetes and heart disease.
The work is part of cooperative agreements between the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC) operated by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) at Beltsville, Md.; Integrity Nutraceuticals International of Spring Hill, Tenn., and the Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, France. Anderson works in the Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory of BHNRC. ARS is USDAs principal intramural scientific research agency.
For the study, conducted in Ohio, coauthor Tim N. Ziegenfuss, now with the Center for Applied Health Sciences based in Fairlawn, Ohio, enrolled volunteers and collected samples.
Twenty-two obese participants with impaired blood glucose values–a condition classified as “prediabetes”–volunteered for the 12-week experimental research study. Prediabetes occurs when cells are resistant to the higher-than-normal levels of insulin produced by the pancreas (in an attempt to help remove elevated glucose levels from blood).
The volunteers were divided randomly into two groups and given either a placebo or 250 milligrams (mgs) of a dried water-soluble cinnamon extract twice daily along with their usual diets. Blood was collected after an overnight fast at the beginning of the study, after six weeks, and after 12 weeks to measure the changes in blood glucose and antioxidants.
The study demonstrated that the water-soluble cinnamon extract improved a number of antioxidant variables by as much as 13 to 23 percent, and improvement in antioxidant status was correlated with decreases in fasting glucose, according to Anderson.
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